USDA-FSA Aerial Photography Field Office
20131106
ortho_1-1_1n_s_co045_2013_1
Salt Lake City, Utah
USDA FSA Aerial Photography Field Office
This data set contains imagery from the National
Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP). The NAIP
acquires 4-band digital ortho imagery from airbourne
and/or space based platforms during the agricultural
growing seasons in the U.S.. A primary goal of the
NAIP program is to enable availability of ortho imagery
within sixty days of acquisition. The NAIP provides
1 meter GSD ortho imagery rectified within +/- 6 meters to
true ground at a 95% confidence level. The tiling format
of NAIP imagery is based on a 3.75' x 3.75' quarter
quadrangle with a 300 (plus or minus 30) pixel buffer
on all four sides. The NAIP imagery is formatted to
the UTM coordinate system using the North American
Datum of 1983 (NAD83). The NAIP imagery may contain
as much as 10% cloud cover per tile. This file was
generated by compressing NAIP imagery that cover the
county extent. Two types of compression may be used for
NAIP imagery: MrSID and JPEG 2000. Target value for the
compression ratio for 1 meter GSD is (15:1).
The NAIP imagery is available for distribution within
60 days of the end of a flying season and is intended
to provide current information of agricultural conditions
in support of USDA farm programs. For USDA Farm Service
Agency, the 1 meter GSD product provides an ortho image
base for Common Land Unit boundaries and other data sets.
The NAIP imagery is generally acquired in projects
covering full states in cooperation with state
government and other federal agencies who use the
imagery for a variety of purposes including land use
planning and natural resource assessment. The NAIP is
also often used for disaster response.
20131106
Photography Source Image Dates.
Irregular
-109.069816
-106.994570
40.129044
39.307517
None
farming
Digital Ortho rectified Image
Mosaic
Quarter Quadrangle Centered
Ortho Rectification
Compression
MrSID
JPEG 2000
NAIP
Compliance
Aerial Compliance
Geographic Names Information System
Garfield CO., CO FSA
FIPS 08045
Garfield
Colorado
None
None. The USDA-FSA Aerial Photography Field Office asks to
be credited in derived products.
USDA-FSA Aerial Photography Field Office
mailing and physical address
2222 West 2300 South
Salt Lake City
Utah
84119-2020
USA
801-844-2922
801-956-3653
withheld
None
None
NAIP 3.75 minute tile file names are based
on the USGS quadrangle naming convention.
None
Compiled to meet 6 meters horizontal accuracy at 95 percent confidence level.
N/A 2d only
USDA-FSA Aerial Photography Field Office
20131106
Garfield CO, CO
12000
External media types
20131106
Majority Aerial Photography Date
NAIP
Mosaicked County Image
Flight planning was performed in IGIPlan from IGI over a
buffered boundary covering DOQQ extents provided by the USDA. A
500m reduced resolution NED DEM file was used to determine ground heights.
A targeted flight altitude of approximately 32,000 feet above
ground level was used and 60% forward overlap was planned for use of
stereo imagery as necessary and sidelap varies between 15-30%
depending on terrain. No ground elevation in the project area
resulted in source pixel dimensions greater than 1.05m or less than
0.5m. Cessna Conquest aircraft were used for acquisition. Multiple Intergraph Digital
Mapping Camera (DMC) systems where utilized in the data capture. The DMC is a
digital frame camera that produces a central perspective image with a nominal
focal length of 120mm projecting an image on a virtual CCD measuring 13,824 by
7,680 pixels. The pixels are 12um by 12 um. Images from four panchromatic cameras
modules, each with a 120mm lens projecting an image on a 7,168 by 4,096 CCD,
are assembled to create the virtual frame. Images captured simultaneously from
four 3,072 by 2,048 pixel multispectral (MS) cameras with 30mm lenses produce red,
green, blue and near infrared images. These MS images are matched to the Pan
virtual image using the Post Processing Software from Intergraph. All DMC systems
used for capture have been calibrated by the manufacturer. The calibration includes
measuring the radiometric and geometric properties of each camera. These data are
used in the Post Processing Software to eliminate the radiometric and geometric
distortion. The raw captured pixel resolution of the panchromatic virtual frame
ranges from 0.60m to 1.04m across the project area depending on terrain height.
Each pixel is assigned a 12 bit digital number (DN) by the analog to digital
conversion performed after each exposure. Each pixel is resampled during
orthorectification to an output resolution of 1m at a bit depth of 8 for each image
band. Four bands of data were captured for each image; Blue: 400-580 nm, Green:
500-650 nm, Red: 590-675 nm and Near infrared: 675-850 nm. The final product may
only include the RGB data. All aerial imagery was collected with associated GPS
data. When possible most imagery will also include IMU data collection.
GPS/IMU data was captured with IGI AEROControl. The GPS data was utilized to control
the aerial triangulation process. Except for early access web delivery in OK, all imagery was
processed through an aerial triangulation in which the airborne GPS data was
constrained to expected limits. Analysis was performed to assure that all image
frames fit within a strip and between strips by evaluating the image and airborne
GPS residuals. The final adjustments assure a high quality relative adjustment
and a high quality absolute adjustment limited to the airborne GPS data accuracy.
This process assures the final absolute accuracy of all geopositioned imagery. Both
signalized and photo identified ground control were used to QC and control the IMU/GPS
based aerial triangulation bundle block solution. For each project area the latest
NED was downloaded from the USGS National Map Seamless Server website in late Spring
2013. Thirty Meter NED was used in all cases, and preferred over the available
ten meter spacing to minimize image smearing and distortions that are exacerbated by a finer,
but not more accurate DEM. A visual inspection of the NED using color cycled
classification by elevation and a shaded relief was performed to check for gaps,
corruption and gross errors. When available the NED was compared to known higher
quality elevation sources to detect flaws. Between 20-60 construction points per
frame derived from conjugant image measurements performed during aerial triangulation
were projected to the NED. The predicted horizontal error for each point was added
as an attribute in the SURDEX enterprise database. An operator reviews ortho seams
in areas these predicted errors indicate horizontal error in excess of the contract
specifications. Any imagery errors introduced by source NED required patching from
an alternate DEM or frame of photography with a different perspective. Hardware used
included the DMC, various brands of survey grade GPS receivers, various
brands and models of computers, RAID5/6 storage, calibrated monitors,
various brands of monitor calibration colorimeters. Software included Intergraph Post
Processing Software (PPS) to handle camera raw images processed to virtual frame panchromatic
images and four band multispectral images. SURDEX software was used to color correct and
remove bidirectional reflectance, vignetting and other illumination trends. USDA APFO
Image Metrics are measured and images corrected to conform to the Image Metrics using
SURDEX software. SURDEX software was then used to fuse the high resolution pan with the
lower resolution multispectral image. This image was upsampled to match the pan resolution
using bilinear interpolation and converted to a high resolution image via the Brovey
Transform. GPS/IMU data was reduced to projected coordinates in the appropriate UTM zone
using the IGI office software. Aerial Triangulation was performed using Intergraph
ImageStation Automatic Triangulation (ISAT), ImageStation Digital Mensuration
(ISDM) and Photo-T bundle adjustment. SURDEX software was used to determine the weak points
in the AT construction point distribution. SURDEX software was used to orthorectify the images.
SURDEX software was used to compare overlapping orthoimages and correct for minor radiometric
variation between adjacent images. SURDEX software was used to calculate the optimal seam path,
check seam topology and create master tiles. SURDEX ortho software generates occlusion/smear
polygons used during seam review to cut in the best view of steep terrain. SURDEX software
was used to visually inspect master tiles for seam and image defects. SURDEX software was
used to project and cut final DOQQ image files from masters. SURDEX software was used to
create CCM metadata. Lizardtech GeoExpress version 8.0.0.3065 was used to create the CCM image
file. SURDEX software was used to measure horizontal error in the CCM. SURDEX software was
used to perform final formatting, QC and naming of the DOQQ. USGS metadata parser software was
used to validate the metadata. Various versions of Microsoft Windows were used in all phases of
production. For Radiometry, SURDEX Grouping Tool was used to display large groups of images,
display individual and group histograms, and develop color correction parameters to adjust image DN.
Grouping Tool provides real-time updates of the USDA APFO Image Metrics. The image technician
adjusts image correction parameters to bring the radiometric characteristics of large groups of raw images
within the Image Metrics ranges. Grouping Tool was used again after DOQQ and CCM production to
provide a quality assurance check. Individual DOQQ and CCM may not meet the USDA APFO Image
Metrics ranges due to land cover. The goal is to have the state as a whole meet the Image
Metrics. To validate the accuracy of the block adjustment derived from GPS/IMU, camera parameters
and conjugate point measurements, approximately 30-40 photo identifiable ground control
points were field surveyed within each State. These points were surveyed using GPS
techniques to produce coordinates that are accurate to +/- 0.25 meters RMSE in XYZ.
The GPS surveying techniques utilized assured that the coordinates are derived in the
required project datum and relative to an approved National Reference System. Each derived
control point was surveyed in a static fashion with a minimum of three NGS CORS sites.
A constrained least square adjustment was performed holding the CORS sites as control
and deriving the final coordinates of the photo identifiable points. The photo identifiable
control points were measured on multiple photographs but not constrained in the final AT
solution in order for them to be used in an independent final QC of positional accuracy.
After the checkpoint run, the residual errors were reviewed to determine the quality
of the solution with only GPS and IMU based initial exterior orientation.
If the block does not fit the control points within specifications the pass and tie
points were reviewed for blunders and weak areas. If, after these corrections
were made, the block still does not fit the control well the GPS and IMU processing were
reviewed. Once the block has proper statistics and fits the control to specifications, the
final bundle adjustment was made. SURDEX software was used to predict the horizontal error
that results from DEM error using AT construction points projected to the NED ground
elevation. As AT points are frequently on man-made and other vertical features not included
in the DEM, these ortho points can only be used to indicate regions of error by the
clusters of points that predict excessive horizontal displacement. SURDEX software was
used to measure a minimum of 20 points on the new CCM and an alternate product obtained
from the USDA Data Gateway to determine if there were regions of the CCM required
further review to ensure absolute accuracy specifications were met.
If these areas were found, the source of the error was corrected and the DOQQ and CCM were
recreated. All products are reviewed by independent personnel prior to delivery. The
delivery is checked for omissions, commissions, naming, formatting, specification compliance
and data integrity.
20131106
Garfield CO, Colorado
Raster
Pixel
91453
180473
1.000000
1.000000
8
1
Upper Left
FALSE
LZ77
3
pixel codes
SDR
TRUE
row and column
1.0
1.0
meters
North American Datum of 1983
Geodetic Reference System 80
6378137
298.257
24-bit pixels, 3 band color(RGB) values 0 - 255
None
Supervisor Customer Service Section
USDA-FSA Aerial Photography Field Office
mailing and physical address
2222 West 2300 South
Salt Lake City
Utah
84119-2020
USA
801-844-2922
801-956-3653
None
In no event shall the creators, custodians, or distributors
of this information be liable for any damages arising out
of its use (or the inability to use it).
Compressed County Mosaic
Natural Color
withheld
CD-ROM
ISO 9660
DVD-R
ISO 9660
USB/Firewire/SATA External Hard Drive
NTFS
Contact the USDA-FSA Aerial Photography Field Office
for more information.
20131106
USDA-FSA Aerial Photography Field Office
mailing and physical address
2222 West 2300 South
Salt Lake City
Utah
84119-2020
USA
801-844-2922
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998
Esri ArcGIS 10.2.1.3497
ortho_1_1_1n_s_co045_2013_1
1
-109.111285
-106.973128
40.134854
39.257120
ortho_1_1_1n_s_co045_2013_1
002
149415.000000
329888.000000
4353183.000000
4444636.000000
1
Projected
GCS_North_American_1983
Linear Unit: Meter (1.000000)
NAD83_UTM_zone_13N
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20140402
14163400
20140402
14163400
Raster Dataset
dataset
20140402